Atlantis: Lost Civilization or Enduring Conspiracy
BY: Lindsey Byers
The ocean is full of mystery and wonder. Imagine the vast open sea, with its breathtaking sunsets and endless horizons. What could be hidden beneath all that beauty? Some may say creatures of great mystery, like mermaids, the Kraken, or even the Aspidochelone. Others may think of lost cities like Dwarka in India or Heracleion in Egypt that could lie beneath those great, mysterious waters.The city that always comes to mind is Atlantis. This city can be thought of as both a myth and a conspiracy. Plato, one of the first to document Atlantis, described a beautiful city composed of land and water rings, prosperous beyond imagination. According to his writings, Atlantis was later destroyed, lost to civilization, and ultimately sunk beneath the great mysterious ocean.Belief in Atlantis is rooted not only in physical evidence but also in humanity’s fascination with lost civilizations, the mystery of the ocean, and the suspicion that history may be incomplete or obscured. To understand these beliefs, we can turn to the sources and details that have shaped them over centuries.Plato’s account of Atlantis comes from his fourth-century BCE Socratic dialogues, specifically Critias and Timaeus. Plato tells us about a very powerful empire located in the Atlantic Ocean. In these stories, we read that Atlantis was arranged in rings of alternating water and land—a sight that must have been spectacular. This city boasted technologically advanced engineers, extravagant architecture, kings, an administration, and an organized military. They even had religious rituals. According to Plato’s written account, Atlantis was a utopia. These details provide the foundation for ongoing debates about the city's existence.Plato tells us that the Atlanteans waged war against Athens. The Athenians, however, demonstrated great excellence and triumphed over the Atlanteans, being the only power to actually stand against the Atlantic forces. After the war, Plato describes how violent earthquakes and floods then sank Atlantis into the depths of the mysterious ocean, while the Athenian warriors who had triumphed were swallowed by the earth.Some scholars consider Plato's story to be completely made up, that it's an allegory, nothing more. Other scholars will insist that we have evidence that actively supports Plato's story being true. According to Plato, an Egyptian priest tells Solon, an Athenian lawmaker, that the Greeks, in a distant past, lost their system of writing and, a long time later, adopted their current system. This matches the known history of the Greeks' loss of writing in the Dark Ages and their adoption of the Phoenician alphabet. This strongly suggests to many scholars that Plato simply could not have made up the story himself.Plato was a philosopher and a known historian. His detailed accounts and references lend credibility as well. The connection of the timeline, as supported by Solon and an Egyptian priest, strengthens the story. Plato was explicit about the story's truth. With these kinds of supported text and references, it helps you understand why so many people claim there is more to the story.Eighty percent of the ocean is unexplored, and only five percent of the ocean floor has been mapped (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). With these kinds of numbers, people can not help but keep asking questions and wondering if Atlantis was a real civilization. We find stories not just in Plato but also in ancient Egyptian texts. The Edfu Building Text tells the story of a group of sages who sailed the seven seas in large ships after their home sank and was lost in a great flood. Many people link this story to Atlantis.Hundreds of locations are thought to be Atlantis. Some point to the Island of Crete, the Azores, or even the Florida Keys. Many have speculated that it is a continental location, suggesting Africa or Antarctica. Submerged locations that have attracted interest include the Celtic Shelf, the North Sea Shelf, and sunken regions off Spain. Another location many believe could be Atlantis is the Caribbean or near the Bahamas. Underwater ruins have been found off the coast of Bimini, an island in the Bahamas. This underwater structure, named the Bimini Road, consists of large rectangular stones arranged in a linear pattern. Many have suggested that it could be remnants of an ancient city. This, however, is often dismissed by scholars and thought to be structures that naturally accrued.The mystery keeps us coming back to the topic. We want answers to questions like, who are we, what are we missing here, and why does it feel covered up in some strange way? Some believe governments may be withholding information. They may not want us to know the truth about places like Atlantis to control the people. Maybe it is to cover up powerful technologies that, if in the wrong hands, could greatly affect our world today. Could they be hiding truths about the religious aspect of things? If it were told to the wrong person, the church would lose control. This kind of thinking and questioning fuels our imaginations on topics like Atlantis and what actually happened:As long as human beings have told stories, they have created mysteries–whether in myths like Atlantis or in the vast unknowns of space. We seek answers not only for knowledge, but also because the thrill of the unknown is woven into our DNA. (Rapisarda 89)The media has played a significant role in how people view these kinds of stories. Podcasts like The Joe Rogan Experience draw younger generations to the various aspects and ideas of conspiracy theories by keeping them fun and entertaining. This helps keep the stories alive. We can now find all kinds of information on different topics with much more ease than ever before. So will conspiracy theories always remain a mystery? Can we finally start solving some of these mysteries and get to the bottom of the truth? Truths that maybe were not so easily found before. Maybe, but do we really want to know the answers? The thought that comes to mind is no. We like mystery; we are a species that wants to be entertained and be adventurous. Knowing all the truth could be boring for us. That need for our intellect to tingle will always be part of our humanity. The desire to question, explore, and imagine beyond what is known is what keeps these stories alive – and defines us as humans.
Plato was a Greek philosopher and student of Socrates. Most widely known for his writings about Atlantis. The first appearance of his writings over Atlantis are found in the dialogues of Timaeus and Critias. His imaginative storytelling not only captivated his contemporaries but also laid the foundation for centuries of philosophical inquiry and speculation. Plato demonstrates adventurous and communicative traits through his imaginative descriptions of Atlantis and his use of written dialogue to preserve philosophical ideas.
We see Plato’s intellectual adventurousness through his description and extravagant details of Atlantis. In Timaeus, Plato describes Atlantis as a powerful and advanced civilization (Plato, trans. Jowett, 360 BCE/2009). By exploring the idea of a lost civilization, Plato demonstrates imaginative and philosophical boldness. His willingness to present such a detailed account reflects his curiosity and exploration of complex ideas.
Plato also shows his communicative skills through his use of dialogue to express philosophical ideas. He recorded philosophical discussions in written dialogue form and became the first known writer to document Atlantis. Plato’s dialogue structure allowed him to clearly present his ideas. Through writing, he ensured that his philosophical thoughts would influence future generations. In doing so, he not only preserved the wisdom of his time but also created a timeless dialogue that continues to shape intellectual discourse today.
Plato showcases his imagination and communication skills, and we see this vividly through his writings, as he uses Atlantis to preserve and transmit powerful philosophical ideas across generations. His dialogues, rich and vivid with dynamic discussion, invite readers into a world of exploration and speculation. Even now, in 2026, the story of Atlantis still captivates the public imagination, a testament to his extraordinary skill as a writer and philosopher.
Plato
By: Lindsey Byers
Works Cited (Atlantis Conspiracy)
Colavito, Jason. "American Atlantis: A review of America Before: The Key to Earth's Lost Civilization by Graham Hancock." Skeptic (Altadena, CA) 24.2 (2019): 55-64.
Hazra, Somnath, and Anindya Bhukta, eds. The blue economy: an Asian perspective. Springer Nature, 2022.
Joseph, Frank. The Destruction of Atlantis: Compelling Evidence of the Sudden Fall of the Legendary Civilization. Inner Traditions/Bear & Co, 2004.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. How Much of the Ocean Have We Explored? NOAA Ocean Exploration, www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
Santos, Arysio. Atlantis: the lost continent finally found. North Atlantic Books, 2011.
Willis, Jim. Lost Civilizations: The Secret Histories and Suppressed Technologies of the Ancients. Visible Ink Press, 2019.
Work Cited (Plato)
Colavito, Jason. "American Atlantis: A review of America Before: The Key to Earth's Lost Civilization by Graham Hancock." Skeptic (Altadena, CA) 24.2 (2019): 55-64.
(Plato, trans. Jowett, 360 BCE/2009)